William Bradford Shockley

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William Bradford Shockley

Rođenje 13. veljače 1910.
London, Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo
Smrt 12. kolovoza 1989.
Stanford, Kalifornija, SAD
Državljanstvo SAD
Polje fizika
Institucija Bell Labs
Shockley Semiconductor
Stanford
Alma mater Caltech
MIT
Akademski mentor John C. Slater
Poznat po suizumitelj tranzistora
Istaknute nagrade Nobelova nagrada za fiziku (1956.)
Religija ateist

William Bradford Shockley (London, 13. veljače 1910. - Stanford, 12. kolovoza 1989.), američki fizičar i izumitelj. U suradnji s Johnom Bardeenom i Walterom Houserom Brattainom, Shockley je izumio tranzistor, za kojeg su sva trojica nagrađena Nobelovom nagradom za fiziku 1956.

Shockleyjevi pokušaji komercijalizacije novog dizajna tranzistora 1950-ih i 1960-ih dovela su do postanka Silicijske doline u kolijevku elektroničkih inovacija. U kasnijem razdoblju života, Shockley je predavao kao profesor na Stanford Universityju i postao snažan zagovaratelj eugenike.[1]

Patenti

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Shockleyju je odobreno preko devedeset patenata u SAD-u. Neki značajniji su:

Bibliografija

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Shockleyevi predratni znanstveni članci

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  • An Electron Microscope for Filaments: Emission and Adsorption by Tungsten Single Crystals, R. P. Johnson and W. Shockley, Phys. Rev. 49, 436 - 440 (1936).
  • Optical Absorption by the Alkali Halides, J. C. Slater and W. Shockley, Phys. Rev. 50, 705 - 719 (1936).
  • Electronic Energy Bands in Sodium Chloride, William Shockley, Phys. Rev. 50, 754 - 759 (1936).
  • The Empty Lattice Test of the Cellular Method in Solids, W. Shockley, Phys. Rev. 52, 866 - 872 (1937).
  • On the Surface States Associated with a Periodic Potential, William Shockley, Phys. Rev. 56, 317 - 323 (1939).
  • The Self-Diffusion of Copper, J. Steigman, W. Shockley and F. C. Nix, Phys. Rev. 56, 13 - 21 (1939).

Shockleyeve knjige

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  • Shockley, William – Electrons and holes in semiconductors, with applications to transistor electronics, Krieger (1956) ISBN 0-88275-382-7.
  • Shockley, William – Mechanics Merrill (1966).
  • Shockley, William and Pearson, Roger – Shockley on Eugenics and Race: The Application of Science to the Solution of Human Problems Scott-Townsend (1992) ISBN 1-878465-03-1.

Knjige o Shockleyu

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  • Joel N. Shurkin; Broken Genius: The Rise and Fall of William Shockley, Creator of the Electronic Age. New York: Palgrave Macmillan (2006) ISBN 1-4039-8815-3
  • Michael Riordan and Lillian Hoddeson; Crystal Fire: The Invention of the Transistor and the Birth of the Information Age. New York: Norton (1997) ISBN 0-393-31851-6 pbk.

Izvori

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  1. (en)„William B. Shockley, 79, Creator of Transistor and Theory on Race”. New York Times. 14 August 1989. Pristupljeno 2007-07-21. »William Bradford Shockley, who shared a Nobel Prize in physics for his role in the creation of the transistor and earned the enmity of many for his views on the genetic differences between the races, died of cancer of the prostate at his home in California on Saturday. He was 79 years old and lived on the campus of Stanford University.«